Step 1: Write the contact information and date

All formal letters start with the contact information and date. In the full block style, this goes in the upper left-hand corner.

First, as the sender, type your full name and address aligned to the left side, just as you would when addressing an envelope. This isn’t just a formality, but a useful inclusion so the recipient can easily find your contact information when they want to respond.

If you’re writing on official company letterhead that already includes this information, you do not need to rewrite the contact information.

After your address, skip a line and then add the date you’re writing the letter.

Last, skip a line again and add the recipient’s name and full address. Feel free to include their job title below their name if it’s relevant. Leave a blank line after the contact information before writing the salutation.

Step 2: Write the salutation

Formal letters always have a greeting at the beginning of the written content as a cue that your message is about to begin. This is known as the salutation.

Most salutations begin with ―Dear‖ and then the name of the recipient. All salutations use title capitalization and end in a comma.

If you don’t know the name of the receiver, you can also use a job title or even the department name, for example, ―Dear HR Representative.‖ As a last resort, you can use the generic salutation ―To Whom It May Concern‖ in any circumstance. Try to avoid ―Dear Sir or Madam,‖ as it’s a little outdated.

Step 3: Write the body of the letter

This is where you write your message. The body of the letter follows the normal rules of grammar, so write it as you would any other formal document. The one exception for full block style is that you do not indent the first lines of paragraphs.

Unlike personal letters, formal letters are straightforward and direct, so don’t be afraid to get straight to the point. Some formal letters are only a sentence or two long, although others can go on for paragraphs if there’s a lot of information to convey. The important thing is that you stay focused and avoid tangential topics.

Although different company cultures have different communication standards, it’s a safe bet to avoid casual phrasing and jokes; some even advise against using contractions. It should go without saying, but don’t use slang, profanity, or other inappropriate language.

If your letter covers a lot, it’s best to include a closing paragraph at the end to summarize everything the recipient needs to know. As always, don’t forget to edit and proofread the body of the letter before sending.

Step 4: Write the complimentary close

Formal letters also use a standard complimentary close or sign-off, similar to the salutation, before ending with an authentic signature.

One of the most common closers is “Sincerely,” including some variations like, “With sincere gratitude,” or “Sincerely yours.” Other common sign-offs include “Best,” and “Yours.” Unlike salutations, closers use sentence capitalization. Always capitalize the first letter of your complimentary close, but only the first letter. And just like the
salutation, always end with a comma.

If you’re sending a paper letter, skip a few lines after your complimentary close  – this is where you sign your name. Additionally, always type your name below the signature, along with your job title if relevant. When sending an email or other digital letter, you don’t
have to leave a blank line before you type your full name.

Step 5: Mention enclosed materials

This last step is necessary only if you’re sending additional materials with the letter, such as a résumé or CV, application, voucher, etc. If you’re sending only the letter, disregard this step.

After your printed name and optional job title (under your signature), skip a line and then write “Enclosure:” followed by a list of the materials you’ve included. For example, if you were including a résumé, you would write “Enclosure: Résumé.” This is simply a precaution so the recipient doesn’t miss anything or, if they need to, can verify that something was lost in shipping.