○ Unfreeze:
■ The organization creates awareness that current ways are not working and that change is necessary (e.g., falling profits, new competition, low employee morale).
■ Management communicates the need for change, challenges existing beliefs, shares data, and reduces resistance by involving people in the diagnosis.
○ Change (Transition):
■ Actual shift in structures, processes, technologies, or behaviours takes place; people start learning new ways of working.
■ Training, new policies, pilot projects, and strong leadership support help employees move from old behaviours to new behaviours.
○ Refreeze:
■ New ways are stabilized through policies, systems, rewards, and culture so that people do not slip back to old habits.
■ Performance management, recognition, and continuous communication make the new behaviour the normal way of working.